What is renal azotemia

Biologic therapies, such as Interleukin-2 , or Interferon Alfa. ACE inhibitors are given to diabetics with mild kidney disease, yet you should not stay on them once your creatinine levels are elevated significantly, or a specialist has recommended that you stay on these medications. Intravenous IV radiocontrast dye - certain "dyes" may be injected into your bloodstream during a radiology procedure, to improve the "picture" that is seen on CT scan, MRI or x-ray.

These dyes, if you are at risk for kidney problems such as failure due to multiple myeloma, diabetes, pre-existing heart conditions, or when given in combination with certain other medications, may cause further kidney problems.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs NSAID's like ibuprofen - may cause kidney damage Chronic long-term renal failure: can be caused by drugs or medications.

Diseases that may cause chronic renal failure include: Diabetes, Pyelonephritis inflammation of a part of your kidneys , and chronic analgesic abuse Post-renal Azotemia: One of the causes of kidney problems is blockage in your kidneys, where the contents of the bladder are prevented from moving out from the kidneys. Other causes of kidney failure may be due to: A tumor causing a blockage of urine from the kidney A urinary infection, or nephritis inflammation of one or more of your kidneys Kidney stones An enlarged prostate gland, in men Depending on what caused your kidneys to be injured, the extent of the damage and your kidney problems symptoms, your kidneys may fail to work properly.

You may not be urinating very often. Your urine may be dark or red blood-tinged. You may have pain or an urgency to use the bathroom. You may have fever or chills, if you have an infection You may be overly tired, or very weak fatigued. It may be hard for you to do any kind of your normal activities. Your muscles may become extremely weak.

You may notice that your feet or ankles are swelling. You may feel "puffy". You may have nausea or vomiting. Some people experience a loss of appetite. You may become confused, or have a seizure. These are all symptoms of kidney problems. Management of side effects that may lead to dehydration such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea see specific symptoms for management tips that may help to prevent symptoms of kidney problems. Testing of Kidney Function: Your doctor or healthcare provider may order certain blood tests, including a blood urea nitrogen BUN and Creatinine test, to monitor your kidney function if signs of kidney problems are present.

He or she may also ask you to save your urine for a hour period, in order to monitor how much creatinine is in your urine during a hour period. Your doctor or healthcare provider may order some tests to evaluate your kidneys and bladder.

He or she may order: An ultrasound of your kidneys An x-ray of your kidneys, ureter and bladder KUB He or she may place a tube in your bladder called a catheter , if you are not urinating, to see if there is a obstruction with urine behind the blockage, or if you are not making any urine at all Follow all of your health care provider's instructions.

Make sure that with each medication that you are given to take, your doctor or health care provider is aware of your kidney disease. Avoid any drugs that may cause you to have further symptoms of kidney problems. You may be advised to follow a "renal diet". This includes foods that are low in sodium, potassium, magnesium and protein. Reading the labels on food is helpful to know what kinds of calories, fat and protein you are taking in. Discuss this with your healthcare provider.

Some general recommendations include: Limit Carbohydrates - Carbohydrates, either simple such as fruit and sugar or complex, such as pasta and cereals , have the greatest impact on blood sugar levels, which is important if you have kidney problems due to your diabetes.

In addition, excess carbohydrates that we take into our bodies are also converted into fat. Avoid sugar, and instead, use artificial sweeteners, such as nutrasweet, aspartame, or saccharin, to help you lose weight, or maintain your current weight. Protein - Foods that are high in protein include all kinds of meats. Long-term damage to your kidneys may be corrected by restricting protein, if you are diabetic, or experiencing symptoms of kidney problems. Increase fresh vegetables and fiber intake - Up to 55 grams of fiber per day is recommended.

Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Okusa MD, Portilla D. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. Wolfson AB. Renal failure. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

Editorial team. Prerenal azotemia. Prerenal azotemia is an abnormally high level of nitrogen waste products in the blood. Prerenal azotemia is common, especially in older adults and in people who are in the hospital. Any condition that reduces blood flow to the kidney may cause it, including: Burns Conditions that allow fluid to escape from the bloodstream Long-term vomiting, diarrhea, or bleeding Heat exposure Decreased fluid intake dehydration Loss of blood volume Certain medicines, such as ACE inhibitors drugs that treat heart failure or high blood pressure and NSAIDs Conditions in which the heart cannot pump enough blood or pumps blood at a low volume also increase the risk for prerenal azotemia.

These conditions include: Heart failure Shock septic shock It can also be caused by conditions that interrupt blood flow to the kidney, such as: Certain types of surgery Injury to the kidney Blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the kidney renal artery occlusion.

Symptoms of dehydration may be present and include any of the following: Confusion Decreased or no urine production Dry mouth due to thirst Fast pulse Fatigue Pale skin color Swelling. Exams and Tests. An examination may show: Collapsed neck veins Dry mucous membranes Little or no urine in the bladder Low blood pressure Low heart function or hypovolemia Poor skin elasticity turgor Rapid heart rate Reduced pulse pressure Signs of acute kidney failure The following tests may be done: Blood creatinine BUN Urine osmolality and specific gravity Urine tests to check sodium and creatinine levels and to monitor kidney function.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis. Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M. Intrinsic Intrinsic azotemia usually occurs from infection, sepsis, or disease. Postrenal A urinary tract obstruction causes postrenal azotemia. How is it treated? Complications and when to see a doctor. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M. Acute Nephritis. Medically reviewed by Carissa Stephens, R. Acute Kidney Failure.